Buying a used excavator can be a smart and cost-effective decision, but it’s important to approach the process carefully to avoid potential issues. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you buy a used excavator:
1. Determine Your Requirements
Before you start shopping, identify your specific needs:
Type of Excavator: Consider whether you need a used crawler excavator (for rough terrain), wheeled excavator (for smoother surfaces), or a mini or compact excavator (for smaller spaces).
Operating Weight: This will depend on the size of the jobs you need the machine for. Excavators range from small mini machines weighing a few tons to large machines over 40 tons.
Bucket Size: The size of the bucket determines how much material the machine can move at once. Ensure the bucket is suited to the job.
Reach and Dig Depth: Make sure the excavator has the necessary reach and digging depth for your project
2. Inspect the Condition of the Excavator
When buying a second-hand excavator, physical inspection is critical. Whether you are buying from a dealer or a private seller, consider these areas:
Engine and Hydraulics:
Engine Condition: Check for oil leaks, smoke, and the general sound of the engine. It should run smoothly without unusual noises or excessive exhaust.
Hydraulic System: Inspect the hydraulic lines for leaks, wear, or damage. The hydraulic cylinders should operate smoothly without jerking. Test the boom, dipper arm, and bucket for smooth operation.
Undercarriage:
The undercarriage is one of the most expensive parts to replace, so make sure to check the condition of the tracks, rollers, sprockets, and idlers. Look for wear and tear, cracks, and uneven wear, which can indicate poor maintenance or excessive use.
Bucket and Attachments:
Bucket Wear: Check for cracks, bent teeth, or excessive wear in the bucket. The bucket’s condition will give you an idea of the machine’s work history.
Attachments: If you’re buying an excavator with specific attachments (e.g., augers, grapples, hammers), inspect them for wear, functionality, and compatibility with the excavator.
General Appearance:
Frame: Inspect the frame for any signs of cracks, welds, or damage.
Cab: Ensure the cab is in good condition, with working controls, gauges, and a clear view. Check for air conditioning or heating functionality (if important to your work environment).
3. Review Maintenance and Service History
Request the machine’s service history from the seller, if available. Look for:
Regular Maintenance: Records of oil changes, hydraulic fluid changes, and other routine maintenance tasks.
Repairs: Any major repairs done on the engine, hydraulic system, or undercarriage. If the excavator has been involved in accidents or major breakdowns, it could affect its long-term reliability.
Hours of Operation: Check the machine hours (the number of hours the excavator has been used). Excavators with fewer operating hours tend to be in better condition, but a well-maintained higher-hour machine can still be a good deal.
4. Test the Excavator
If possible, arrange for a test run. A short trial on a job site or in a controlled area can reveal important details about the machine’s performance:
Test the hydraulics: Operate the arm, boom, and bucket to check for smoothness and speed.
Check for Leaks: Look for oil or hydraulic fluid leaks during operation.
Test the Tracks: If it’s a second hand crawler excavator, test the tracks for proper movement and stability. Ensure the machine moves straight and evenly.
